Ethical Capital and Peoples Roles in it

Introduction In the 19th and 20th century people who were successful in business and political world had one thing in common, they all appreciated and invested a lot in physical capital.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Capital and People’s Roles in it specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During those times capital was any form of assets or finances but in the modern world things have changes and the definition of capital has broadened to not only including assets and finances but also the human and ethical aspects which constitute the human capital and ethical capital respectively. Human capital involves the skills and knowledge that individuals acquire from education and experiences. Ethical capital on the other hand can be defined as the practices, tools, and techniques of refining and defining values that an organization possesses (Harvard Business review, pp 4). In other words ethical capital goes beyond the monetary value and involves the practices and techniques of creating values. This essay primarily discusses peoples’ roles, understanding and perception, towards ethical capital in different societies and disciplines. It majors on the Indian community and their cultural religious and political beliefs that either help in building or destroying ethical capital in India. We will also briefly look into the Russian post soviet era and a new and invention in the medical field and their contributions towards ethical capital. Ethical Capital in the Indian Society According to a research done by Jacob Copeman (2-3), Indians are never willing to voluntarily donate their blood to blood banks, in other word they only donate with a clear objective in mind for instance donating blood for close relatives, friend or for certain rituals either religious or political. There were made to believe that one looses a lot of energy after donating blood. This is the main reason why most I ndians drink milk after donating blood to replenish the lost energy. Also in most parts of south Asia Impotence is linked with strength. This belief makes everyone not willing to ‘sacrifice’ his blood to save the life of others in fear of becoming weak hence becoming impotent. Going back to the definition of ethical capital it is clear that since time immemorial the Indian society has had the wrong perception of some ethical issues in relation to blood donation.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The caste system has also contributed to this situation in that Indians believe that a person’s body parts, clothes and everything he owns can act as conduits of personal and spiritual qualities of that person since they possessed with them. Blood donation and transfusion is also viewed in this perspective and no one especially in the higher castes wants to acquire t he personality or spirit of a person from a lower caste through donated or transfused blood (Jacob 3). This complies with the â€Å"Purity and Pollution† belief of Sikh and Hindu revivalist organizations. These organizations organize blood donation events all over India as part of ‘seva’ (service) to purify oneself by removing some of the â€Å"senile blood† to allow formation of new and pure blood. As much as this groups help in donating blood they also discourage patients from accepting the blood. They believe that the donated â€Å"senile blood† is polluted with sins and impurities of the donor. In a nut shell this belief does not actually hinder blood collection but limits some needy patients from receiving donated blood in fear of being polluted by it (Jacob 3). This helps in building and destroying ethical capital in India but in my opinion it builds more than it destroys because comparing the number of people who donate and those who benefit from the donations to the ones who refuse it the donors and beneficiaries are more hence they build more than they destroy ethical capital. Jacob also acknowledges Addlakha’s work where he explains how the media is the main tool that can be effectively used in building a strong ethical capital base in the Indian population this is due to the fact that it assumes and performs several roles as he quoted â€Å"it performs the role of commentator, communicator, educator and watchdog during crisis† (Addlakha 154). Some non-governmental organizations and other humanitarian organizations e.g. the Red Cross society in India have been advocating for a stronger ethical capital base by trying to change the attitude and perception of the public towards blood donation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Capital and People’s Roles in it specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They have come up with slogans which are written on posters and websites e.g. â€Å"A blood donor has no equal† and â€Å"the desire to share something of oneself is what singles out a blood donor from the others† (Jacob 5). This enables more people to accept blood donation as a good thing since the people advocating for it are known to be of good motive e.g. the Red Cross society. In my opinion deified politicians e.g. Indira Gandhi and her son Rajiv Gandhi (Jacob 6) help in building ethical capital when their deaths are commemorated. People donate blood in respect to this martyrs who died for their countries. This political rituals help in uniting people from all over the country to ‘shed’ (donated) blood in their remembrance. People consider it a good action and as a result they volunteer in large numbers hence ethical capital is built. The soviet and Post soviet era According to Rivkin-Fish (48) In the Soviet period in Russia paying physicians for medical care was an illegal and imm oral action in that doctors who asked for any form of payment were viewed as the selfish, immoral and most corrupt. This changed in the post soviet Russia and doctors were allowed to accept and demand for payments for their expertise and time. This situation complies with definition of capital as discussed earlier in this essay i.e. during the time when physicians were not allowed to demand for payment for their services the ethical were not relevant when considering capital as opposed to the modern world, post soviet Russia, where it is considered and appreciated. In other words ethical capital has been is appreciated in post soviet Russia though it is facing certain challenges as discussed below. People destroy the little traces of ethical capital in our modern society ignorantly without realizing by asking for favors from acquaintances. Rivkin-Fish gives an example of her friend, Valya, who earns favors from friends for medical checkup. She pays for the services through a friend who introduced her to the doctor and not through the hospital administration as required.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some things may appear right to us but ethically they are not, for instance Valya gives her friend $150 and a few bottles of vodka as payment for the medical services which is literary right but ethically its wrong. She was supposed to pay through the cashier where she would obtain a receipt. She suggests that â€Å"paying for medical services is a moral action that conveys respect and recognition for professionals’ attention and expertise† (Rivkin-Fish 48). She criticizes the traditional modes of operation of the soviet era yet she offers the doctor payments directly which in real sense is a form of bribery. This proves to us that the same people who are in the frontline of fighting corruption are the same ones who engage in them ignorantly and as you know in a corrupt society ethical capital is usually very minimal. Umbilical cord blood According to Waldby (2006, 55) â€Å"Umbilical cord blood has proved an effective substitute for bone marrow in the treatment of bl ood disorders.† This has led to the establishment and development of both public and private cord blood banking facilities. Bioethicists and other medical professionals advocating for ethical capital condemn private cord blood banking by claiming that it converts valuable clinical cord blood banks into privately owned and managed accounts which are of no help to the public and they can only selfishly benefit only the owners. They also claim that the great demand and value for cord blood may lead to the risk of thee medical staff shifting their attention from the mother and child to the cord blood (Waldby, 59-60†). By so doing the life of both the mother and the child are put to risk by the profit minded staff and this is against doctors’ work ethics hence it is against the ethical capital in the medical world. Conclusion As we have seen in the above discussed issues establishment of a strong ethical in any form of society requires critical evaluation of all action s and decisions with an aim of determining whether it is ethically right or wrong because ethics have proved to have a great influence to the success of any organization or society. Works Cited Addlakha, Renu. â€Å"State Legitimacy and Social Suffering in a Modern Epidemic: A Case Study of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever in Delhi.† Contributions to Indian Sociology Volume 35, [2001], Issue 2: p 154. Harvard Business review. â€Å"Ethical Capital Is Capitalism’s New Cornerstone† [2010]. pp4. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2010/06/ethical-capital Jacob, Copeman. â€Å"BLOOD WILL HAVE BLOOD: A Study in Indian Political Ritual† Social Analysis Volume 48, [2004]. Issue 3, p 2-6. Rivkin-Fish, Michele. â€Å"Bribes, Gifts and Unofficial payments: Rethinking Corruption in post-Soviet Russian Health Care†. Corruption: Anthropological Perspectives, ed. Pluto press, [2005]. P 47-48. Waldby, Catherine. â€Å"Umbilical Cord Blood: From Social Gift to Venture Capita l† Sydney: The University of New South Wales, School of Sociology, 2006. p 55-60. This essay on Ethical Capital and People’s Roles in it was written and submitted by user S1lverSable to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Should The Government Legislate Morality

Should the Government Legislate Morality There are many things to consider when asking the question, â€Å"Should the government legislate morality, or not?†. People seem to have a difficult time agreeing on moral issues. What is morally correct in the minds of some may not be correct in the mind of another. Is it up to our government to distinguish a definite line between the morally acceptable and the unacceptable? David Pendleton believes so. In his article, he states that the government already imposes moral beliefs on its people. He believes that the laws enforced are guides to lead people on a more moral path of life. On the other hand, Charley Reese writes about why the government should not legislate morality. He states it is not the job of the government to direct its people on how to live their life. Reese blames our immoral country on its people, and thinks it is their responsibility to do something about it. One of Pendleton’s main points is that of public and private morality. He tries to blur the line of privacy by stating that everything a person does affects everyone else, be it directly or indirectly. Then he follows up with â€Å"others have good reason to be interested in how I live my life† (193). I could not disagree with his statement more. This is a weak attempt to prove his point about the difference in public and private affairs. Another argument Pendleton makes is that â€Å"it’s hard to have a society when the things people have in common are too few† (192). I find this weak because I believe in a diverse community. He is saying that people who do not have similar beliefs can not live together in society. The only weakness I found in Reese’s article was his aggressive nature. When I read parts of his article, I felt some of my beliefs being attacked. That is no way to persuade opposing readers to change their minds. The main difference between these two authors’ perspectives i... Free Essays on Should The Government Legislate Morality Free Essays on Should The Government Legislate Morality Should the Government Legislate Morality There are many things to consider when asking the question, â€Å"Should the government legislate morality, or not?†. People seem to have a difficult time agreeing on moral issues. What is morally correct in the minds of some may not be correct in the mind of another. Is it up to our government to distinguish a definite line between the morally acceptable and the unacceptable? David Pendleton believes so. In his article, he states that the government already imposes moral beliefs on its people. He believes that the laws enforced are guides to lead people on a more moral path of life. On the other hand, Charley Reese writes about why the government should not legislate morality. He states it is not the job of the government to direct its people on how to live their life. Reese blames our immoral country on its people, and thinks it is their responsibility to do something about it. One of Pendleton’s main points is that of public and private morality. He tries to blur the line of privacy by stating that everything a person does affects everyone else, be it directly or indirectly. Then he follows up with â€Å"others have good reason to be interested in how I live my life† (193). I could not disagree with his statement more. This is a weak attempt to prove his point about the difference in public and private affairs. Another argument Pendleton makes is that â€Å"it’s hard to have a society when the things people have in common are too few† (192). I find this weak because I believe in a diverse community. He is saying that people who do not have similar beliefs can not live together in society. The only weakness I found in Reese’s article was his aggressive nature. When I read parts of his article, I felt some of my beliefs being attacked. That is no way to persuade opposing readers to change their minds. The main difference between these two authors’ perspectives i...

Vaginal Delivery of Breech Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Vaginal Delivery of Breech - Dissertation Example The discussion will be based on the author’s perspective, available evidence and current practice. It shall discuss women’s options during births, especially where infants are in the breech position. This dissertation will further evaluate if the women’s choices with regards to delivery of the breech are significantly impacted by the deskilling of health professionals or by the actual risks of the procedure itself. Current practice, as supported by the NICE and RCOG Guidelines (2001) discourages women from having vaginal deliveries when their babies are presenting in a breech position. Many midwives have only ever experienced vaginal breech deliveries in a simulated environment. Since practice is now dominated by the opinion that the safest option for these babies is a caesarean section and the opportunities to gain experience in safe vaginal breech delivery are limited, the dominance of caesarean section is reinforced. This paper aims to highlight the evidence t hat underpins the current practice as well as investigate the emerging evidence that is the basis for certain midwives now considering breech vaginal birth to be a safe option. Historically vaginal deliveries were the chosen method for the delivery of babies with a cephalic or breech presentation. ... he current indications for caesarean births in developed countries include breech babies along with foetal distress, malposition, malpresentations, placenta previa, and other related complications (Fischer, 2012). Some of these complicated births have been delivered vaginally even though the risk for these births has been considered significant. At present, the training for Obstetricians has mostly related to the delivery of breech babies via caesarean Section. This development has been re-evaluated by midwives because some midwives believe that obstetricians must equally train in normal deliveries of breech babies, especially as women’s options have been limited by the risks involved in the birth as well as the decreased skill of midwives (Jadoon, 2008). Breech presentation deliveries are deliveries where the foetus is at a longitudinal position, with either the buttocks or the feet presenting at the cervical area during delivery. This presentation is seen at about 3-4% of al l term deliveries (Fischer, 2012). This type of presentation may be attributed to prematurity, uterine malformations, placenta praevia, multiple births, and sometimes foetal abnormalities (Fischer, 2012). Breech presentation is classified into: frank, complete, and footling. Frank breech is observed with hips flexed, knees extended; complete is seen with hips flexed and knees flexed; and footling or incomplete with one of both hips extended and foot presenting (Fischer, 2012). The issue of whether or not vaginal breech deliveries should be considered over Caesarean section is now also based on the skill of midwives. There are major concerns surrounding vaginal delivery of breech presentation and generally limited data on safe vaginal deliveries of a breech. There is also a lack of honesty on the

Fast Food and Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fast Food and Children - Essay Example Studies related to the culture of color pin different societies argue about blue and pink as cool and romantic colors. However, the correlation of the colors worn by the mother in the film and the general mood indicate a controversial nature to the desired meaning. The result of the controversy is the unhappy mood evident in the mother’s face that builds suspense to audience to realize the uneasy nature the mother has towards her child. The generalized approach of the controversial use of romantic colors with the signs of depression is a lesson to the target viewers to understand the repercussions of feeding on junk food despite the delicious and appealing tastes. The child’s blue tee shirt is an indication of the love that the family seeks to share, but the daily injections bar the characters from revealing such affection in their behavior. Since the mother enters the room, the blue clothed child does not look into her eyes as he continues with his activities with know ledge of his mother’s presence and the expected injection. The wooden facilities in the house are mahogany brown. Arguably, the wooden floor matches with the furniture, but fails to match with the walls, which are white and black in color (Fast Food and Children). From an artistic point, it is arguable that the use of the wooden floor is a deliberate act for the environment to remain dull. It is notable that the reduced lighting in the room and the mahogany colored floor erode the desired humor and love that should be present in every family.

Environmental Sustainability and Public Policy Research Paper

Environmental Sustainability and Public Policy - Research Paper Example But as the world now looks in retrospect, it’s evident that this growth has come at a cost. A cost which the future generations will have to bear if the respective practices pursue. Nature has provided us with the vast pool of resources that have fuelled our industrial growth alongside provision of basic sustenance materials such as food, water and air. But rampant anthropocentrism has made most industries oblivious to the consequences of growth at the expense of a degenerating ecosystem. While economists have historically acclaimed that human beings have unlimited wants but limited resources, the emphasis has lied on financial resources. Natural resources have always been thought of as being infinite. This thought has eventually led to what Garrett Hardin deemed as the Tragedy of the commons, multiple individuals acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, depleting a shared resource without any consideration for the future sustainability of that r esource. This phenomenon has gained due attention from scientific circles and has inevitably transcended to political and administrative circles as well. By virtue of sharing a common environment, global initiatives are being taken to analyze the extent the environmental damages have taken place and modify the practices that need to take place. We are dependent on the environment for our survival and growth, and in return the environment requires our reciprocation for its sustenance. Facing countless environmental issues, the onus for environmental sustainability lies on governments, industries, citizens and every inhabitant of this planet; by virtue of being stakeholders. Some of the most pressing environmental issues that have surfaced include: Biodiversity: To protect ecosystems and curb extinction of species, otherwise it is bound to cause discrepancies in the natural food chain. This will automatically be a great loss for the environment and pose as a hurdle in sustainability. Climate change effects on ecosystems: The melting of glaciers and over all global biodiversity depletion is causing damage to the ecosystems as animal habitats are changing drastically. Oil pollution: Global oil mining and leaks such as the BP New Mexico leak have created massive setbacks in the animal population and permanently damaged sea beds. Several animal species are now included in the endangered species list as a consequence. Thus, it is the prime purpose of governments and environment protecting agencies to look into more environmental friendly energy sources and for now, a safer incident-free transportation system. Biosafety: To add artificial ecosystem catalizers in place of endangered species to add value back to the system and assuage the prevalent damages in the affected region. This is the least our advanced technology can do to add to the environment in place of the damages it has caused. Perhaps science and environmental sustainability can perhaps one day be known a s coexisting rather than being antonyms. Global dimming: The reflection of causes an opposite effect of global warming and doesn’t allow the sun’s heat and energy to pass though. This is known to have caused the droughts in Ethiopia. Thus, CO2 levels need to be looked at and controlled otherwise they will play

Ethical And Legal Issues In The Field Essay

Ethical And Legal Issues In The Field Essay As frontline health care professionals, nurses face various degrees of challenges and issues during the fulfillment of their duties. The constant pressure to quickly attend to the needs of many patients, while making sure that these services are provided to them efficiently, impels nurses to be always on alert for any issue which they may encounter. Handling ethical and legal issues is already being taught in the classroom and is being supplemented by practical application during internships. Studying ethics as a major concern for nurses supplements the already rigorous training they had undergone when studying the fields concepts themselves. However, new changes in legal and cultural aspects had led to new issues which are not traditionally being taught in nursing schools. For example, nurses may often face dilemmas pertaining to a patients (or his familys) decision to have his life terminated once it is apparent his medical condition is incurable. In addition, nurses also need to deal with maintaining their professional image while constantly interacting with their patients. Interpersonal-oriented careers such as nursing are often vulnerable to extra-professional relationships which may hamper the delivery of otherwise objective diagnosis of medical condition and of giving treatments. Previous researches have pointed out that nurses may take advantage of their roles as health care providers in seeking sexual favors from their patients in return for their quality of care provision. This researcher would like to focus in her study some of the most common ethical and legal issues which nurses face in their profession. She will discuss previous researchers pertaining to these issues. Finally, she will formulate her own conclusions based from the studies cited, supplemented by her own insights based from personal experiences as a nurse. Responsibility of Nurses As health care providers, nurses ethics are also influenced by the concepts of the Hippocratic Oath. Being placed within modern context, this oath stipulates that health care providers should do all they can in ensuring that their patients are treated well. At the same time, the Oath compels health care workers to act with finesse and avoid behaving in such ways as to besmirch their professions reputation. However, the complexities of modern health care has made it difficult to delineate which actions are ethically sound from the unethical. As shown in studies such as Fry and Jane-Johnstone (2002), the most common dilemmas in nursing at present involve: termination of treatment decisions, abortion, in vitro fertilization, surrogate motherhood, euthanasia and assisted suicide, allocation of scarce resources and treatment of disabled infants and the mentally retarded. As several cases had shown in the past years, handling these issues present no single, encompassing and correct respons e which is applicable to all situations. More complicated issues have even reached to the courts when the parties in a situation disagree with the legal validity of the decisions being made by nurses. Thomson, Melia and Boyd (2006) also point out that, in many cases, nurses do not have complete control over medical and health care decisions: Most nurses are unlikely to be directly responsible for decisions to terminate a pregnancy, terminate a treatment and in the allocation of medical resources. (emphasis by the authors). Yet, nurses are the first health care providers being approached by the kin of the patients involved in those treatment decisions. (Thomson, Melia and Boyd, 2006). As a result, nurses should have a deep grasp of legal and ethical issues so that they can respond accordingly for those issues. At the same time, students focusing about ethical issues in nursing should consider the degree of responsibility the nurse bears in handling patient care, viz-a-viz the doctor or head nurses over-all responsibility. Daly, Speedy and Jackson (2009) detail some legal aspects of health care which nurses must take into critical consideration. According to them, various laws have been made to regulate conduct and wrongdoing with regard to patient safety, nurses liability for civil and criminal negligence in mishandled patient care cases, regulation of patients freedom of movement, facilitating patient consent for their treatments, control over patient property and records, among others. Nurses face liability, in various degrees, if they fail to fully comply with these legal aspects. (Daly, Speedy and Jackson (2009) . Ethics in Nursing Clarifying the broad concepts of nursing ethics, Thomson, Melia and Boyd (2006) suggest students to initially define : a.) the concepts of care within the context of the nursing profession, b.) pointing out the importance of citing specific cases in resolving ethical issues and delineating the relationship between general moral rules and the specific moral decisions. In particular, the researchers point out that nurses should clearly delineate two contrasting demands in health care, namely: the sensitive regard for the unique needs of a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ with recognition of the demands of a particular circumstance and the general duty of care based on contractual and institutional duties and rules. This researcher believes it is important to discriminate between these two aspects of care since this will govern the level of professional relationship between the nurse and the patient. This is important in preventing this relationship from becoming too personal to the point that the nurse is unable to objectively fulfill his or her duties to the patient. In terms of using specific cases to help resolve legal and ethical issues (casuistry), the authors point out that this is helpful in guiding nurses to reach a decision based on previous cases. However, it is still important for them to make their own decisions based on the circumstances of a pa rticular situation. Related to this is the delineation of general moral principles with specific circumstances. This researcher believes that it is important to balance the two when considering a legally and ethically sensitive decision. Breaking away from precedents may cause ambiguity on how similar cases in the future will be handled. On the other hand, excessive reliance on casuistry may hamper nurses from making the correct and relevant decision on a specific situation. In making decisions, it is relevant to go back to the basic ethical concepts applicable to nursing. Finkelman and Kener (2009) detail these concepts as respecting the patients autonomy, practicing beneficence and justice to them, and being truthful to the patients and his/her kin. In sum, a nurse should be able to respect a patients decision to continue or cancel the treatment, even as he/she is able to give him the best care possible in line with the health care principles and the available diagnosis on the patients health. Applying these principles needs some decision-making skills on the nurses part. These skills primarily pertain to interpersonal skills, perceptiveness, moral deliberation and skilled know-how. Conclusion/Recommendation As this paper had shown, nurses face numerous and very challenging issues as they provide health care services to their patients. They need to deal not only with ethical considerations which are specific to nursing, but are now also including law. Based from this discussion, this student believes it is vital for nurses to deeply comprehend nursing ethics and their legal implications. The changing dynamics and needs of health care blur the lines in situations which traditionally require only black-and-white answers, so to speak. Adjusting to these changes requires nurses and nursing students to constantly review previous cases of health care-related problems while foreseeing possible new circumstances in future issues. This may be done during classes or even during review sessions. This situation also requires nurses to modify the way their deal with patients, especially those posing problems. The nurses firmly impose the rules if the patients start crossing the line beyond their welf are.

Frankenstein Essay -- English Literature Essays

Frankenstein I do not agree with the statement: â€Å"Students in the twenty first century have little to learn from Frankenstein.† Mary Shelley’s novel demonstrates the type of language and intricate structure rarely found in novels today from which students in the twenty first century can learn much from. Mary Shelley puts forward timeless lessons of one’s confrontation with one’s self taking responsibility for your own actions, the result of being shunned from society and the dangers of tampering with nature. The novel foreshadows our very real fears of the double-sided nature of scientific ‘progress’ making it relevant today and proving the statement: â€Å"Students in the twenty first century have little to learn from Frankenstein.† very wrong. Shelley puts forward the issue of one’s confrontation with one’s self due to Victor’s power of creation entailing this. Victor symbolises modern man; Victor’s is the predicament involving the moral and intellectual conflict between the values of self and the values of society: â€Å"Natural philosophy is the genius that has regulated my fate.† (p87) Unfortunately, through Frankenstein’s arrogance he puts his personal interest above that of society and so is the cause of his own destruction. This is an important lesson for the youth of the twenty first century to learn. Shelley uses emotive language and an intricate structure from which students can learn to support a novel full of moral lessons. Shelley’s language creates ...